The Automatic Irrigation System using Solar Energy is a smart farming solution that reduces water wastage and saves electricity by automating irrigation with renewable solar power. A solar panel generates electricity to power a water pump and an electronic control system. The system is connected to soil moisture sensors placed in the field.

When the soil becomes dry, the sensor detects low moisture levels and automatically switches on the pump, supplying water to the crops. Once the soil moisture reaches the required level, the pump automatically turns off. This ensures efficient water management, reduces manual effort, and guarantees healthy crop growth even in remote rural areas without grid electricity.

Parts Used:

1. Solar Panel (10W–50W) – Generates DC power from sunlight.
2. Rechargeable Battery (12V, Li-ion/Lead Acid) – Stores energy for night use.
3. Charge Controller – Regulates charging and protects battery life.
4. Soil Moisture Sensor – Detects the water content in soil.
5. Microcontroller (Arduino/8051/NodeMCU) – Controls the system based on sensor input.
6. Relay Module – Acts as a switch for the water pump.
7. Water Pump (DC/AC) – Draws water from source to the field.
8. Irrigation Pipes – Distributes water to crops.
9. Switches, LEDs, and Display (Optional) – For system status indication.