A DIY CNC Router Machine is a computer-controlled cutting device that can engrave, cut, or carve materials like wood, acrylic, plastic, foam, and soft metals with high precision. Built using affordable components and open-source software, this project is perfect for engineering students and hobbyists to understand CNC automation, mechanical assembly, and CAM programming.

This machine uses stepper motors, lead screws, and a spindle motor to move the cutting tool in X, Y, and Z axes as per programmed tool paths.

Parts Used:

1. Microcontroller / CNC Controller Board (e.g., Arduino + GRBL shield)
2. Stepper Motors & Drivers – control X, Y, and Z axis movements
3. Spindle Motor / Router – performs cutting or engraving
4. Lead Screws / Ball Screws – provide linear motion
5. Linear Rails & Bearings – ensure smooth travel of axes
6. Frame Structure – typically made from aluminum or steel profiles
7. Power Supply – provides voltage for motors and electronics
8. Limit Switches – prevent over-travel and ensure precision
9. CNC Software (e.g., GRBL Controller, Mach3) – for design and control