Light intensity control using PWM

The Light Intensity Control using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) project is designed to adjust the brightness of lamps or LEDs by varying the duty cycle of a PWM signal. Instead of using resistors or dimmers that waste energy, this project efficiently controls brightness by rapidly switching the light ON and OFF at a frequency undetectable to the human eye.

This system is built using a microcontroller (Arduino/8051/PIC) which generates a PWM signal. The duty cycle of this signal is varied based on user input (potentiometer, keypad, or sensor), and the signal drives a MOSFET/transistor that controls the power supplied to the light. Such systems are widely used in home automation, smart lighting, theater setups, and street lighting.

Parts Used:

Arduino / 8051 / PIC Microcontroller – Generates PWM signals.
MOSFET / Power Transistor – Controls power to the lamp/LED.
Potentiometer / Keypad / Sensor – For brightness control input.
LED Bulb / Incandescent Lamp – Load device.
PWM Driver Circuit – Amplifies microcontroller signals.
Power Supply (5V/12V/230V depending on load) – Provides system power.
LCD Display (Optional) – To show duty cycle/brightness level.
Resistors, Capacitors, PCB & Enclosure – For safe assembly.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Advantages:

✅ Energy Efficient – No power wasted as heat (unlike resistive dimmers).
✅ Smooth Brightness Control – Flicker-free lighting.
✅ Low Cost & Reliable – Uses simple microcontroller and MOSFET.
✅ Automation Ready – Can be integrated with sensors (light, motion).
✅ Applications – Smart homes, theaters, street lights, decorative lighting.

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