A tabletop unit that demonstrates gas–solid fluidization. Air passes upward through a distributor, lifting fine particles (sand/beads) so they behave like a boiling fluid. Students can observe minimum fluidization velocity (Uₘf), bed expansion, and bubbling/slugging while measuring pressure drop vs. superficial velocity.

Parts Used:

1. Transparent Column (Acrylic/Glass): 40–60 mm ID with scale markings
2. Plenum Chamber + Distributor Plate: Sintered metal/perforated plate + wire mesh
3. Air Supply: Oil-free compressor/blower, regulator, needle valve, and rotameter (flow rate)
4. Pressure Measurement: U-tube manometer or differential pressure sensor with taps across the bed
5. Bed Material: Calibrated sand / alumina / polymer beads (known dₚ, ρₚ)
6. Carryover Control: Top screen/cyclone cap + fines collection bottle
7. Frame & Base: Rigid stand, vibration-damped mounts
8. Safety: Relief vent, filters, flexible hoses, E-stop switch (for powered blower)
9. Optional: Temperature probe, data-logging module (Arduino/ESP32), interchangeable distributor plates