Floor tiles that harvest footstep energy using piezoelectric ceramics/stacks. Each step slightly flexes the tile (≈1–3 mm), the piezos produce AC, electronics rectify + store it in a supercapacitor, and a DC–DC stage powers LEDs or a small IoT beacon. Great for learning transducers, compliant mechanisms, rectification/MPPT, and energy budgeting.

Parts Used:

1.Tile Mechanics

1. Top plate (Al/steel/composite), compliant flexures/springs, bump stops (limit to 1–3 mm)
2. Force-spreading plate over piezos, anti-slip surface, gasketed edges

2.Piezo Transducers

1. PZT discs/patches in arrays or piezo stacks (higher energy/step)
2. Adhesive (epoxy), insulating shims, wiring bus

2.Power Electronics

1. Low-loss bridge or active rectifier, TVS surge clamp
2. Buck/boost DC–DC (5/12 V), optional simple MPPT for piezo (high-Z source)
3. Supercapacitor (10–50 F, 2.7–15 V) and/or small LiFePO₄ cell (with BMS)

4.Sensing & Output

1. Footfall counter (accelerometer/reed), BLE/LoRa beacon, LEDs/e-paper sign

5.Enclosure & Mounting

1. 300×300 mm or 600×600 mm module, IP54+, cable glands, underside isolation pads